Finite Element Analysis : Applying Boundary Conditions - Basic Tutorial

Applying Boundary Conditions

Before or after generating the mesh, we can define the boundary condition to the FE model to further process it for the solver.

Two types of Approaches in Applying BCs

• Before generating the mesh →Geometry-based boundary conditions for the model. The free mesh generator creates a node for every boundary condition applied to a location on an edge or a location on a surface. The software automatically modifies geometry-based boundary conditions during part update and adaptive meshing.
• After generating the mesh we can define node- and element-based and most geometry-based boundary conditions.

Applying boundary conditions is a crucial step in Finite Element analysis pre-processing . So the basic understanding of the real world scenario is must and likewise, the parameters like load conditions, constrains ect should be chosen appropriately to reflect the real world condition.

Big TV Reliance DTH : Add, Remove/Deactivate Channels through SMS, Online | Know Current Package | Know Recharge due date in Reliance Big TV DTH

This article helps you to add a specific channel in Big TV DTH, Remove, Deactivate channels, Account Information , and registering your mobile number .

> Add a Specific Channel in Big TV DTH

Send an SMS in the following format. For SMS short code for the channel, refer reliance official website

• SUB<SPACE>SMS Short Code<SPACE>SCN Number to 554546

>To check Big TV Balance, recharge due date thorugh SMS

1. In your tv screen, Go to Services menu to check your balance, expiry date
2. Call the toll free number 1800 200 9001 and enter your smart card number to know your balance and validity.
3. You can also download RELIANCE DIGITAL TV app from google play store , to know your account balance and recharge due date.

>New / Change Register Mobile Number , Big TV DTH Selfcare

Using android app, you can update your Registered Telephone Number (RTN) by sending it as a Query in the below format. 

• Go to: CUSTOMER CARE > SEND QUERY.
• Enter Subject as : Update RTN
• Enter Comments as : Update RTN < telephone number > SCN < 12-digit Smart Card Number >.

You can also register or update your registered mobile number by contacting the toll free customer care number 1800 200 9001

>To complaint or contact Big TV Helpline

Call Customer care number 1800 200 9001 to contact Big TV DTH from any landline or mobile number in order to get any assistance regarding your Reliance Big TV DTH

Finite Element Simulation : Overview of Existing Packages - Hyperworks , NX Siemens Advanced Simulation

Present day CAE tools like Hyperworks, NX Advanced simulation tool  give you access to powerful geometry construction and editing capabilities, extensive capabilities for building models, and a wide selection of solutions to simulate real world conditions. Information on design performance is fed back to you in graphical form so that it's easier to understand and communicate through the design process. The Simulation tools are tightly coupled into a team engineering environment. These powerful capabilities are easy to use and provide intelligent guidance through the simulation process.

Important features of the Simulation package will include:

• Geometry tools
• Modeling tools
• Integrated solvers
• Post processing tools
• Intelligent tools

The Geometry tool will assist you to prepare the CAD model of the components and Pre-processing tasks like meshing, defining boundary conditions can be carried out using Advanced simulation tools.
The mesh model can be solved using integrated solvers like NX Nastran, Optistruct etc.

Intelligent tools will help the user to improve the design. The intelligent tools usually consists modules like design optimization, Mesh modification etc

Finite Element Analysis : Previewing, Modifying, and Generating a Mesh | Hypermesh , NX , Solidworks

In every pre-processor FEA tools like Hypermesh, Solidworks and NX Advanced simulation, there will be exclusive set of options to

• Generate a mesh, 
• Preview a mesh, 
• Update or Modify an existing mesh model.

We can use Modify Mesh Preview to see how the mesh will look before the software creates the actual nodes and elements of the mesh. Weu can preview boundary nodes or the entire mesh.

If we see a problem with the previewed mesh, we can can use the tools on the Modify Mesh Preview form, such as Create Edge Dependency, to change the mesh. We can also use Element Quality Checks to evaluate the quality of the previewed mesh.
Once we've set up all the meshing parameters, you can generate a mesh on selected entities.

After we generate a mesh, you can use the mesh checking tools to measure the deviation of elements from an ideal size and shape. For example, we can check for poorly positioned midside nodes and generate statistical data on element quality

Updating a Mesh After Solution

After we've created a mesh and solved the finite element model, we can use adaptive meshing to modify and refine the mesh to obtain more accurate results. The adaptive meshing capability automatically refines a mesh by moving nodes, splitting elements, or re-meshing.

Safaricom : Get PUK code for Locked SIM card | Reset PIN number for Safaricom SIM

Safricom is one of the major telecom service provider in Kenya.

This article will help you to get the PUK code for your Safaricom locked SIM card and reset your PIN number to make your mobile phone work again



You can get your PUK code for locked SIM card through Online support as well as Mobile Helpline numbers.

Remember that PUK code cannot be generated by any downloaded software. So be aware to avoid unnecessary blocking of your SIM card because of incorrect PUK code attempts.

>Get PUK code through Online Support

Go to official webpage of  Safaricom  and Choose Live Chat option to request the PUK code for your locked SIM card. You may be asked some security questions in-order to verify your identity.

>Get PUK code through Helpline number

• For Postpaid call 200 or +254 722002200 and Prepaid Safaricom customers call 100 or +254 722002100 from any other Safaricom mobile and speak with the helpline number to retrieve the PUK code.
• You can also request PUK through email to advantage@safaricom.co.ke , attaching the vetting details signed by the owner of the SIM card.
• If you reside inside the city like Nairobi , then you can directly visit the Safaricom showroom to unblock your PUK code.

The customer care person will ask the SIM number printed on your SIM card which contains 8 to 15 numbers.

You have to tell the owner of the SIM card which is registered on the name while buying it.

Some other basic details to Confirm that you are the owner. If you manage to convince the customer care person, then they will provide the PUK code. After entering this PUK code , the mobile will ask you to reset the PIN number. You can give a 4 digit PIN number and don't forget it .

If you are using smartphones, try to avoid using PIN code password of SIM card .Better use some App locking application like Applock, 360 security .You can download them from Google play store for free of cost.



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FEA : Using Node Connectivity to Connect Meshes in Finite Element Analysis

Node Connectivity :

Node Connectivity in pre processors like Hypermesh, Ansys lets us to connect two elements by replacing a node from one element with a node from a second element. Therefore, we can connect two meshes by specifying where elements should share nodes. Hence the continuity is ensured in the mesh model and the load will be smoothly and correctly transferred from one element to another element.

How to use Node Connectivity feature :

• Pick the node in the first element that you want to move to the second element.
• Pick the node in the second element that will be shared by the first element. The two elements are now connected at this shared node.

Note: The software retains the node you replaced as an unused or extra node, which you can keep or delete which would be optional.

Limitations and Considerations for Using Node Connectivity

The elements that you connect don't have to be of the same type or order.
If we keep unused nodes:

• any node that isn't associated with an element will lose its geometry association
• delete the nodes before you perform a solve

Any element we modify by redefining its nodal connectivity will lose geometry association if the associated geometry for the replacement nodes is different than that of the original nodes.

If a boundary condition is associated with a node that we replace, we may not be able to delete the resulting extra node until you delete the boundary condition. This depends on the type of boundary condition applied to the node. 

Sheet Metal Basics | Sheet metal Interview Questions for freshers | Sheet metal Design

How is sheet metal components formed?

Sheet metal components are generally metal formed through various forming processes majorly involving Bending, deep drawing, Roll forming, Stamping, Punching, Piercing etc. The sheet metals are initially received as Rolls and cut into plain blankets and then formed into desired shape using above mentioned processes mainly bending and stamping.

What are precision sheet metal components?

Sheet metal components that are made using high precision dies with sheet of close tolerance in machines with high stability are generally called as precision sheet metal components. The precision of the component has to be decided based on the purpose that the components is going to serve,

What is the standard bending radius followed during sheet metal fabrication?

Sheet metal enclosures are usually fabricated by 'cold forming' technique, where the metal is clamped and bent in machines called 'press brakes'. Because of this, metal typically cannot be formed into a true 90 degree corner. Instead, the corners are curved or filleted in practical which is technically denoted as bend radius,

Different degrees of curvature can be achieved and Note that bend radius is specified as the radius of the INSIDE surface of the bend

What common methods of Welding, would be associated with sheet metal fabrication?

Depending on your sheet metal design, you may desire spot-welded enclosures or fully seam-welded enclosures. With many enclosure designs, such as our standard U-shape (clam shell), no welding is required. One section of the enclosure contains small flanges with self-clinching nuts and the other section of the enclosure is fastened using mechanical fasteners such as machine screws or sheet metal screws.

Spot welding would be used in cases where disassembly is not required. Fully seam welded edges may also be a requirement, especially if the application requires a more tightly sealed enclosure.

What is meant by Bending allowance in sheet metal fabrication ? How to calculation bending allowance?

Bend allowance comes from the fact that when sheet metal is bent, the inside surface of the bend is compressed and the outer surface of the bend is stretched (elongated)//.

So, when we want a 90 degree bend in which one panel side has a length of A, and the other panel side has a length of B, the total length of the flat piece will NOT be A+B, but rather equals A+B plus a bend allowance or A+B minus a bend deduction(depending on how we measure A and B).

So bend allowance is a term which describes how much material is needed between two panels to accommodate a given bend. Determining bend allowance is commonly referred to as “bend development” or simply “development”.

What is K-factor in sheet metal fabrication?

As explained in bend allowance, when sheet metal is bent, the inside surface of the bend is compressed and the outer surface is stretched, but somewhere within the thickness of the metal lies its Neutral Axis, which is a line in the metal that is neither compressed nor stretched.

The location of the neutral line varies depending on

•  the material itself, 
• the radius of the bend,
• the ambient temperature, 
• direction of the material grain, 
• and the method by which it is being bent, etc. 

The location of this neutral line is referred to as the K-factor.

Many CAD programs also work out bend allowances automatically by using K-factor calculations.

K-factor is a ratio that represents the location of the neutral line with respect to the thickness of the sheet metal.

What are all the surface finish processes used for sheet metal fabrication?

Powder coating is a commonly used surface finishing technique. It is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder.

What is the necessity of surface treatment process in Sheet metal components ?

Surface treatment is necessary for sheet metal parts in-order to prevent corrosion , protect the part form mechanical damage, protect the component due to temperature changes, to provide additional strength, durability, to improve aesthetic appearance, to protect against rust.
Zinc plating, Nickel plating, Anodizing, Tinning, Dip coating and powder coating are some of the familiar surface treatment processes followed for sheet metal components.

Mention few surface coating process form sheet metal brackets

• Phosphate coating ZP12,,
• CED Black Coating ,
• CATION type electro deposition coating after Phosphating

What are some common parameters , to be considered while material selection for sheet metal fabrication?

• Good corrosion resistance
• Formability
• Weldability

What are all the reinforcement techniques followed to improve the strength of the sheet metal component?

• Changing the geometry : Including beads, flanges, notches in weaker cross section. The weaker cross sections of the sheet metal component can be identified using Hand calculations considering the loads acting on the component and evaluating the stress, displacement and vibration throughout the component.
• Changing the material : Introducing higher grade or different material than the existing one may sometimes results in improved strength of the component. The cost of the material should have been considered while proposing for an alternative.
• Reducing the load acting on the component.